274-78. Its main purpose was to block possible expansion by the Soviet Union into the Middle East. The Baghdad Pact is an aggressive military organization in the Middle East region represented by the states of Iraq (until March 1959), Turkey, Great Britain, Iran and Pakistan. Similar to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, the main purpose of the Baghdad Pact was to prevent communist incursions and foster peace in the Middle East. Waldemar J. Gallman, Iraq under General Nuri, Baltimore, 1964, pp. The pact also provided for a permanent council to be set up when a total of four members belonged.2 Subsequently the Baghdad Pact, as it came to be called, was over-whelmingly accepted by the Iraqi Parliament. The Pact’s purpose was the “maintenance of peace and security in the Middle East region” (Preamble) and called on member-states to “cooperate for their security and defense” (Article 1) and to “refrain from any interference whatsoever in each other’s internal affairs” (Article 3). Iran preferred to build strong relations with US at the time and signed this pact neglecting Soviet Union offer to sign fifty years non-aggression pact. 21-65). This book explores the formation of the Baghdad Pact and Anglo-American defence policies in the Middle East, 1950-1959. A mutual security agreement called the Baghdad Pact was signed by Great Britain, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan in 1955. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. BAGHDAD PACT, popular name for the 1955 pro-Western defense alliance between Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. It examines the events surrounding the formation, development and collapse of the pact, and Anglo-American … It determines the aims with which the pact was established; the failings of the pact, and the struggle that was undertaken against it by hostile countries. Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) earlier Middle East Treaty Organization, or Baghdad Pact Organization Mutual Security Organization dating from 1955 to 1979 and contained Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, and Britain. In the early 1950s, the United States Government expressed an interest in the formation of a Middle East Command to protect the region against communist encroachment. Answer: In 1955, Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Iran and Pakistan signed a pact known as Baghdad pact. Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online.If you enter several tags, separate with commas. Majid Khadduri, Independent Iraq, 1932-1958: A Study of Iraqi Politics, London, 1960, pp. The Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO), originally known as the Baghdad Pact or the Middle East Treaty Organisation (METO), was a military alliance of the Cold War. The treaty was open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security in their region. In February 1955, Iraq and Turkey signed a "pact of mutual cooperation" in Baghdad to resist outside aggression, and they opened it to other countries in the region as well. The Baghdad Pact was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran. Similarly, it was known as the 'Northern Tier' to prevent Soviet expansion into the Middle East. BAGHDAD PACT (1955) Anti-Soviet security pact sponsored by Britain and the United States.. A short introduction to the Baghdad Pact – When Britain and Iran were allies For almost 25 years, the UK led an organisation that included Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Pakistan as military allies. At the height of the Cold War, the Middle East, with strategic bases bordering the Soviet Union, vital communications links, and significant oil wealth, represented a valuable region for Western interests. Pakistan also withdrew that year after determining the organization no longer had a role to play in bolstering its security. CENTO never created a permanent military command structure or armed forces, but the United States provided assistance to its allies in the region. (Optional) Enter email address if you would like feedback about your tag. It determines the aims with which the pact was established; the failings of the pact, and the struggle that was undertaken against it by hostile countries. 24 February 1955: A military agreement was signed between Iraq and Turkey, and the term "Baghdad Pact" started to be used. Mr. Rountree said that we were really trying to prevent the threatened collapse of the Baghdad Pact, which would be a disaster to the free world. In October 1958, the Pact headquarters was moved from Baghdad to Ankara. ©2021 Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Baghdad Pact: Origins and Political Setting, London, 1956. Pact of Mutual Cooperation Between the Kingdom of Iraq, the Republic of Turkey, the United Kingdom, the Dominion of Pakistan, and the Kingdom of Iran (Baghdad Pact), February 24, 1955. The Council of the Baghdad Pact, meeting on the ministerial level, convened in London on July 28, 1958. 1959 March: The new republican regime of Iraq withdrew the country from the alliance. It was formed in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pak­istan, Turkey and the United King­dom and dis­solved in 1979. Egyptian-instigated agitations against contemplated membership by Jordan and Lebanon were partially responsible for the disturbances in both countries in 1956 and 1957 leading the U.S. and Britain to intervene militarily. 4, p. 415. At the height of the Cold War, the Middle East, with strategic bases bordering the Soviet Union, vital communications links, and significant oil wealth, represented a valuable region for Western interests. Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), formerly Middle East Treaty Organization, or Baghdad Pact Organization, mutual security organization dating from 1955 to 1979 and composed of Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. Nāṣer opposed the Pact because he perceived it as a threat to his foreign policy objectives and as a tool geared to serve Western political and economic interests. Baghdad Pact is similar to these organizations: NATO, Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition, Collective Security Treaty Organization and more. Instead, the U.S shifted its focus to the "Northern Tier," referring to the line of countries that formed a border between the U.S.S.R. and the Middle East. 1954 February: Turkey signed a Pact of Mutual Cooperation with Pakistan. Following the Iraqi revolution in 1958, the Baghdad pact was renamed CENTO. The idea was to conclude an alliance that would link the southernmost member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Turkey, with the westernmost member of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), Pakistan. That year after determining the organization no longer had a role to play bolstering. 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